walters



F. E. WALTERS. CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME.

' APPLICATION FILED JAN.24. I918.

Patented Dec, 16, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

F. E. WALTERS. I CON CRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME,

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24 1918- V 1,325,063. Patented Dec. 16,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FRANK n. WALTERS, or TOLEDO, OHIO.-

CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION AN METHOD or FORMING SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent. ,Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

Application filed January 24, 1918. Serial No. 213,537.

To all whom it may concern. 1

Be itknown that I, FRANK E. lVALTnns,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Concrete WVall Construction and Method of Forming Same; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as Will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to reinforced concrete monolithic wall constructions and the method of forming the same. It particularly has for its object to form a wall which is subjected to stresses in all directions and yet wherein the wall must be made as thin as possible andthe weight as small as pos sible and wherein the stresses will be sustained without cracking the cement notwithstanding a limited amount of fleXure of the wall.

The invention finds its greatest advantage in the making of hulls for boats. It may be embodied in different forms of construction and for the purpose of illustrating the use of the invention and setting forth the practical application thereof, I. have selected a structure containing the invention and shall describe it hereinafter. The particular structure selected is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The method embodying my invention is performed by forcing layers of concrete and keying them in the meshes of wire and then inter-keying layers of the plastic material with the portions of the first layer that are forced through the meshes of the wire. The

monolithic structure may be formed by forcing layers of plastic cement through a pair of wires, the wire mesh through which the cement is first forced being coarser than the layer through which the cement is subsequently forced and at the same time 'or subsequently forcing a, layer of cement through a wire of coarse mesh and interkeying the layers of cement. Also a plurality of pairs of wires of coarse and fine mesh may be used. By this method of operation the cement may be laid. with a trowel or gun and a monolithic structure formed,

formation of the wall 1 of the hull.

which is particularly well adapted for forming concrete ships.

Figure l of the drawings illustrates a cross section of a hull of a boat. Fig. 2

illustrates a partly broken and partly longitudinal section of a hull. Fig. 3 illustrates,

a broken view of a portion of the hull to illustrate the manner in which the reinforcprovided withribs 2 which are also formed of reinforced concrete. 3 is the keel of the boat and 4 is the-deck of the boat.

My invention particularly relatesto the It is formed of wire mesh reinforcing rodsand 'plastic"concrete, which when allowed to stand, will become hardened, and thus form a unitary structure'of reinforced concrete, The relnforclng rods and the woven wlre will withstand the tensional stresses, while the concrete will withstand the compress'ional strains to which the hull is subjected in carrying its load and in moving through the water.

- The arrangement of the interwoven wires or screens or meshes and the reinforcing rods may be varied by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as presented in the claims. Also the number of reinforcing rods may be varied and the number of parallel meshes may likewisebe varied. Also the number of layers of reinforcing rods may be varied. I have however shown what I believe to be the preferred form of arrangement of rods and screens in the drawing. In the formation ofthe structure, a layer of mesh 5 is positioned in" the form of the hull. The wire 5 is comparatively a large sized mesh, having rods 6 and so as to cover the rods. The rods S are located next to the mesh 7 and extend diagonally around the hull and transversely to the rods 6. The rods 8 may form an angle of to the rods 6 or they may form an obtuse or an acute angle therewith.

A i iesh 9, having a size substantially the mic the mesh 7, is then placed next to the rods 8. Longitudinal rods 10 may then he olaced next to the mesh 9. The Y are 10 cated parallel with one another and extend from lJOW to stern. A. mesh ll'is'then placed next to the rods 10. The mesh 11 is of a relatively large size and may be of substantially the same size as the mesh 5. The meshes and the rods are made to conform to the shape of the hull of the boat and are tied together by Wires 12 in the formation of the reinforcing parts of the hull. The securement or the rods and the meshes together may be done in any order and at any points that is found desirable so'long as the position of the meshes oi the different sizes is maintained relative to the layers of rods. The outer layer of diagonally disposed rods may run at an angle to either side of the vertical or transverse section of the boat, the other layer of diagonally disposed rods running to the other side of the vertical or transverse section of the boat. Also the order of placing the layers of rods mayv be varied, that is, the horizontal rods may form either the inside or outside layer of rods or they may be placed between the layers of diagonally disposed rods. 7

The concrete in plastic form is then applied to the screens and reinforcing rods. This may be applied in any manner but I have found it preferable to trowel the plastic conoreteinto the meshes and between the rods. The meshes are of such a size that the concrete Will-readily pass through the outer screens 5 and 11 and penetrate the inner screens 7 and 9. The fineness ofthe inner screens 7 and 9 however is such that the ocment will pass through the inner screens and be keyed thereto. In the formation of the concrete, I find it preferable to apply the plastic concrete to one side of the Wall of the hull such as the inside and then to apply the plastic concrete to the other side or the hull so that the plastic concrete which is first applied on one side will key on and vithin the wire of the finer mesh, that is, the liner mesh on the side to which the concrete is first applied, and later, apply the plastic concrete to the other side, Which causes the concrete to penetrate and fill the interstices produced in applying the concrete to the first side. The concrete applied to the other side will not only key in the wire of the other finer mesh, but will be secured in the keys or protruding portions of the concrete that Was first applied. The concrete is applied so as to give a desired thickness to the Wall, that is, so as to form layers on the outside of the outer meshes that shall have a desired thickness in order that all the compressional strains to Wl'liC i the Whole structure is submitted may be withstood.

Locating certain of the rods diagonally prevents the cement which is forced through the screen from sagging and dropping by its accumulated Weight from the inside mesh. Any tendency of this kind is localized by the diagonally disposed rods since they will sustain a large part of the Weight of the plastic concrete or cement that is torced'through the mesh. In other Words, they will prevent general sagging downward; and finally the filling of the space Without proper keying of the cement in the meshes.

The ribs 2 and the keel 3 may be made With suitable screens or meshes and reinforcing rods that are shaped to conform to the shape of a rib and to Withstand the usual stresses and strains to which the rib of a'boat is subjected.

I claim:

'1. In a well formed of hardened concrete. diagonally disposed reinforcing rol ranged in parallel relation, and laye Wire mwh covering and in close proximity to the opposite sides of the rod, tie meshes and spaces between the layers and the rods filled With concrete'and the meshes covered with concrete.

2. In a Wall formed of hardened concrete, reinforcing rods, a Wire of comparatively coarse mesh located on one side of the rods and a reinforcing wire of a comparatively finer mesh located on the opposite side oi the rods and in close proximity to the sides ofthe rods. x

I 3. In a Wall formed of hardened plastic concrete, a plurality of layers or" parallel rods separated by a reinforcing Wire of comparatively fine mesh and covered by a reinorcing Wire of comparatively large mesh.

4:. In a Wall formed of hardened plastic concrete, aplurality of diagonally disposed rods arranged in a plurality of layers, a re inforcingwire of fine mesh separating the layers of the rods, areinforcing ire-off coarser mesh covering the rods.

5. In a Wall formed of hardened plastic concrete, having a plurality o1 diagonally disposedrods arranged in a plurality ot layers, the rods of one layer disposed at an angle to the rods of the other layer, a reinforcing Wire covering opposite sides of the layers of the rods.

6. In a Wall formed of hardened plastic concrete, a plurality of layers of parallel rods separated by a plurality of layers of reinforcing Wire of comparatively fine mesh and covered by layers of reinforcing Wire of comparatively large mesh.

7 In a Wall .formed of hardened plastic CAD concrete, a plurality of layers each formed of a plurality of diagonally disposed parallel rods, one layer of rods extending trans verse to the rods of the adjoining layers, the said layers of rods being separated by a reinforcing wire of a comparatively fine mesh and the outer layers of rods being covered by layers of reinforcing wire or" a comparatively coarse mesh.

8. In a wall formed of hardened plastic concrete, a pair of layers of diagonally disposed rods, the rods in each layer being located parallel to each other and at anangle to the rods of the other layer, a plurality of parallel rods located horizontally, the layers of rods being separated by a plurality 01 layers of reinforcing wire of fine mesh and the layers covered by layers of reinforcing wire of comparatively larger mesh.

9. The method of forming walls or hardened plastic concrete, which consists in disposing layers of rods at an angle to the vertical and separating them by reinforcing wire of fine mesh and covering them with reinforcing wire of coarse mesh and forcing plastic concrete through the meshes to key the cement in the meshes, a large part of the weight or" the cement passing through the screens being sustained by the rods.

10. The method o1 forming a wall of hardened plastic concrete which consists in forcing plastic cement through layers or wire, the outer layers formed of coarse mesh and the inner of comparatively fine mesh and keying the cement into spaces between the layers of the finer mesh.

11. In a monolithic ship wall formed of concrete, two layers of wires arranged in parallel relation, the inner wires being of relatively fine mesh and the outer wires being of coarser mesh, the mesh covered with concrete and the concrete inter-keyed between the layers of fine mesh.

12. In a monolithic ship Wall formed of hardened concrete having reinforcing Wire of comparatively fine mesh and reinforcing wire of larger mesh located on opposite sides of and in parallel relation to the wire of fine mesh, the meshes of wire filled and covered with concrete, the conerete inter-keying in the center of the wall FRANK E. WALTERS. 

